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Michael Arthur Newdow (born June 24, 1953) is an American attorney and emergency medicine physician. He is best known for his efforts to have recitations of the current version of the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools in the United States declared unconstitutional because of its inclusion of the phrase "under God". He also filed and lost a lawsuit to stop the invocation prayer at President Bush's second inauguration〔(Fox News: Court Rejects Challenge to Inaugural Prayer )〕〔(Christian Today: Michael Newdow Versus President Bush )〕〔(The New York Times: Judge Declines To Block Inauguration Prayer )〕 and in 2009 he filed a lawsuit to prevent references to God and religion from being part of President Obama's inauguration. Newdow is an atheist and an ordained minister of the Universal Life Church.〔Lucas, Greg. ("Atheist dad ready for date at top court." ) ''San Francisco Chronicle'', 2004-03-22〕 In 1997, he started an organization called FACTS (First Atheist Church of True Science), which advocates strong separation of church and state in public institutions.〔(Biography of Michael Newdow ), evolvefish.com〕 He also serves on the Advisory Board of Secular Coalition for America. ==Early life and education== Newdow grew up in the Bronx and in Teaneck, New Jersey, where his nominally Jewish family moved in 1960. He graduated from Teaneck High School.〔Kelly, Mike. , ''The Record (Bergen County)'', June 30, 2002. Accessed May 5, 2007. "But Newdow, who reportedly was nicknamed ''Noodle'' at Teaneck High School, has forced us to take a hard look at the 31-word Pledge of Allegiance that far too many of us recite by rote and without questioning what it says."〕 After graduating from high school, Newdow attended Brown University, where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in biology in 1974. He told ''Brown Alumni Magazine'' that he can’t remember ever believing in God, saying, "I was born an atheist."〔("Mr. Newdow Goes to Washington" ), By Zachary Block, ''Brown Alumni Magazine,'' May–June 2004. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 〕 He then attended the UCLA School of Medicine, earning his M.D. in 1978. He has worked as an emergency room physician at numerous hospitals, and holds medical licenses in California and five other states.〔 Newdow attended the University of Michigan Law School, graduating with a J.D. in 1988. He subsequently passed the bar exam in Sacramento County, California (District 3) and was admitted to the State Bar of California on July 29, 2002 where he is still an active member as of January, 2014.〔("The State Bar of California" )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Michael Newdow」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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